According to Andrej Karpathy (@karpathy), reinforcement learning (RL) processes applied to large language models (LLMs) have resulted in models that are overly cautious about exceptions, even in rare scenarios (source: Twitter, Oct 9, 2025). This reflects a broader trend where RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback) optimization penalizes any output associated with errors, leading to LLMs that avoid exceptions at the cost of developer flexibility. For AI industry professionals, this highlights a critical opportunity to refine reward structures in RLHF pipelines—balancing reliability with realistic exception handling. Companies developing LLM-powered developer tools and enterprise solutions can leverage this insight by designing systems that support healthy exception processing, improving usability, and fostering trust among software engineers.